Depends on which referencing system is used in your department.. ;-)

Below are some examples relating to Harvard APA referencing system:

References section:

McKeown, S. (2007, March 20). Words of encouragement. The Guardian. Retrieved June 18, 2007, from http://education.guardian.co.uk/elearning/story/0,,2037520,00.html


Citation:
McKeown (2007) writes that...
As argued in McKeown (2007), ...
... argument seems to be invalid (McKeown, 2007).



Entering the reference to Endnote:

See page 12 of this guide: http://www.library.uq.edu.au/training/citation/apa_6.pdf (table, row 5).

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According to Oxford Dictionary of Sociology, the term constructionism is used in sociology and constructivism in psychology. The terms are tightly linked.

According constructionism, the world around us is socially constructed rather than being objective. Constructivism is said to refer to our psychological (cognitive) processes and structures at individual level. In other words, how we perceive world as individuals.

Case closed, indeed. But before really closing the case, I have to point out that you were very selective regarding publishers to whom you decided to call or email. There are a lot of publishers who do not allow unauthorised third party users to use their paid material (Cambridge Journals and Oxford Journals being among them). Or this is at least what is stated in their licence documents..

But it is really a good thing that so many publishers allow sharing articles.. so I really want to thank you for investigating this :-)

Case closed.

Ah, the old good gateway theory.

That was not in my mind when I wrote the earlier post. I did not assume that plagiarisation or falsification of data are more severe types of behaviour than copyright infringement. My hypothesis was that they are at the same level and was thinking of changing behaviour from one category to another horizontally.



Well, I am aware of the fact that a lot of researchers use widely small and open access journals but the other side of the story is, however, that often people are advised and encouraged (by their tutors, supervisors, professors etc.) to publish in reputable, popular, paid journals. It might be so that this happens more often in countries -- U.S.? -- where the competition in academic settings is more fierce than in UK or Europe..

There is a comparable situation in the world of ICT. Linux, Scribus, OpenOffice.org, JabRef, LyX, Zotero, Mendeley (these are examples of software which I use in my studies) and thousands of other operating systems and software can be used freely but usually people select Windows, MS Office, EndNote etc. And sometimes pirated and cracked version of these. Why?

Why is not the free alternative considered to be the best (even it was)?

I was making big assumptions but in my opinion they are as right or wrong assumptions than yours. You were referring to your
own experiences and people who you know. I was making a justifiable argument that publishing academic material is a big business
and people tend to publish in and read paid and popular journals more than open access journals.

The quality of open access journals do not increase if people do not use them..



Vigilantism is surely a quick way to advance one's interests but it has had often unwanted effects.

Then people are conducting a lot of research on this forum! But I haven't seen you asking other people to reveal their motives.
Are you tormenting me just because I raised the issue at hand?

There is a big difference between informal discussions on Internet forums and formal research.

Information SHOULD be free. It is interesting how slowly open access journals become respectable sources in academic community.

But should we breach the law (and terms and conditions, and contracts and licences) to make things change?

If we are given an opportunity to select in which journal to publish our papers, do we select a paid journal published by a big company or an internet-based open access journal? I think that many authors will choose the first option. It is paradoxal. We are speaking about free flow of information here but when we have to select between a reputable paid journal with a high impact factor and an unknown free digital open access journal the right to free information has mystically dissappeared from our thoughts.

No. You should read my previous message a little bit more carefully.

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Actually, that happens very often. Even leading researchers in some fields have, for example, falsified, fabricated, modificated or recalibrated their data..
Not all students or faculty members share the same moral values as the most of us do..



I am afraid that it does not work that way in cyberspace. Technically the copy Satchi sends
back to JC is not the same which she received.. :p

With regard to Phdbug's suggestion of giving me royal ignore, I have to ask is the topic of the thread something which is a taboo and should not be discussed?

I am sorry if people here feel that my postings have been a continuous attack on this community and its members. That was not my intention.

I am doing a criminology-related degree and I am especially interested in deviant behaviour in cyberspace. My research interests lie in the fields of policing (private and public) and security in cyberspace and virtual communities and the illegal delivery of digital content is tightly related to my research interests.

However, I want to point out that I am not doing research here..

I just wanted to discuss the matter in order to hear opinions and find interesting points which I have possibly missed. Research and published articles in this area usually concentrate on the delivery of pirated music, movies and games. The delivery of academic or professional material in social networks seems to be an under-researched topic.. and that's why I have been thinking that it could be a good topic for a research proposal (I have been thinking of applying to postgraduate study for the 2011 intake).

Nothing wrong with borrowing. However, I have been writing about using material illegally.



If a person justifies copryright infringement on the grounds presented in this thread (mainly difficulties to obtain research papers by using legal means), would it be possible that the same person could start plagiarising others or manipulating research data to make things easier for him/her?

In other words, is there really a strict line between certain types of deviant behaviour (in this case between copyright infringement and other academic misconduct)?

I am not suggesting anything. I just wanted to discuss would it possible that one type of behaviour leads to other type of behaviour..

I am happy that my orginal post got the attention it deserved in a form of long thread of replies.

Let's change the direction of the discussion a little bit and forget the economics of electronic publishing.

How long is the pathway from using illegal or infringed material to plagiarisation and fabricating research results?

Comments?

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Yes it was. Your university has obtained a CLA licence which allows photocopying of books, articles and other material.

The Comprehensive HE licence licence allows individuals to copy up to one chapter or 5% of a book (http://www.cla.co.uk/data/pdfs/he/he_comp_aug10.pdf).

So your supervisor seems to be a well-informed and law-abiding citizen.. :p

I think I detect a hint of [well-earned] sarcasm here.. ;-)

In addition, there are a lot of other publishers whose terms and policies are not as user-friendly as Wiley's..

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I am a part-time distance learner. I started my degree when I was deployed abroad (peacekeeping mission). I wrote my first papers in my "academic career" in my accommodation container at nights. Now I am working full time (and I have to travel often). I have a daughter to whom I must (and I want to) devote my time after I come home from work. In addition, my partner studies part-time too, and we have to share our study time. So I am able to study at nights and in the weekends. I finished my last essay 0400 hrs in the morning in a hotel room so I was able to sleep two hours before I had to wake up. This situation is very stressful.

But I must confess you something. I am not a postgraduate student; I am a mature undergraduate student. However, my aim is not to get a degree but to get a first class degree. In addition, I want to (and it seems that I am able to) publish something before I graduate.

So I kind of "have been there, done that." But obviously my experiences are nothing if compared to the emotional and physical burdens of PhD students..

But I would not use anything I have written above to explain my deviant behaviour if I decided to do something which could be considered to be illegal.

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Duplicate. Removed.