Do you need his approval to submit your thesis? If not, I would suggest to stop worrying about it and do the final preparations for submission. He had enough time to give his comments and corrections and even though he promised to do so several times, he did not. No matter if there were personal circumstances that prevented him from corrections, it is obviously not your fault and you can't do more than reminding him of the nearing deadline. You did so and you can't do any major corrections in 5 days anyway so just "relax" and come to terms with the submission of a thesis that does not include his final comments. In my opinion it is already too late. If you start now with further corrections it will probably not improve the thesis, but make it worse. I imagine that last phase as incredibly stressful, so don't make it harder as it already is :) I can't believe that he would be mad at you for not including his comments if he waited till your 5 days out to submission.

Good luck!

I would also suggest you to ask for some kind of break. I would almost bet that you would regret the decision in the long run and I could imagine that a failed PhD is not beneficial for a new career, no matter what you are planning to do next. Do some thinking and don't rush into something. You managed the last year, so it is definitely possible to manage that tiny little bit left :) Would be a pity if all those years of hard work would have been for nothing.

Like the others already said, there is no way this could have consequences in terms of a lawsuit. People drop out all the time. There is nothing a supervisor could do about that, no matter how often you said or wrote that you will finish.

How should anyone know that ? ;) It is probably possible to find a group leader who accepts you with a "pass" but it is rather unlikely as there is a lot of competition. I think the main problem is to explain why you want to pursue a PhD if you "only" passed your master. Either you were too lazy (not a good feature for a potential PhD student), not capable of the master (even worse feature) or there were other things that excuse the pass. I remember somebody who posted that he suffered from several family tragedies (and could prove it) during the master. That can happen to anyone and usually group leaders show some understanding.

I would suggest you to apply and see what happens. Good luck!

I would say it depends on the subject. In engineering it is common to spent some time in industry and return later. In other subjects like biology or physics I never heard of it, but it probably depends where you want to work in academia. We also have these universities of applied sciences and there you usually find professors who worked in industry before. However, these are more teaching jobs and the amount of research they do is not comparable I think.

Can't you just ask permanent staff in your department? If there are people who managed to come back they should know some of them.

I didn't want to generalize it, but you can have a lot of lab experience and be capable of thinking things through, one does not exclude the other. On average, a master student will be more experienced in both ways compared to a bachelor graduate. Simply because of 2 years more experience (both life and academic). Of course you find bachelor students who perform well and even better than students with a master degree. On the other hand, Master students who perform worse than a bachelor student probably would have performed worse without the master degree too ;) You just have a problem if you hire a PhD student for e.g. molecular work and the person never did cloning, qPCR, enzyme assays and stuff like that for a longer period. Someone who did these methods a lot will trouble shoot much more efficiently. If you have to ask your lab mates for instructions everytime then you completely rely on a nice team that takes the time to introduce you. That's not always the case and especially many post docs are busy with their stuff and have the attitude that it is not their job to show you how to do your job ;)

I excluded bachelor graduates who worked for a while. That is of course a whole other story :)

I don't think that it will be a disadvantage. The PhD is valued higher as the Master. If you got your PhD, people will know that you would have easily finished the masters as well.

You should however consider that you could fail the PhD and then fall back to the bachelor level. The question is how hard it is to find a funded PhD in computer science. If it is easy, I would suggest to finish the master. You are half way through and it would be a pity if that was "all for nothing". No need to rush into a PhD if you won't have problems to find another nice position after your master. If it is hard to find something, you should maybe consider the offer.

I don't know if you can finish the master after a PhD. There might be a rule that it has to be completed in a certain time span.

There are only a few countries where the salary increases over time (e.g. Netherlands). 1100 euro sounds like the typical 50% position many people get. I never heard of a settlement fee. If you were told that this is the monthly salary, I wouldn't expect any other benefits. Countries like Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Netherlands or Switzerland generally pay much higher salaries to their PhD students.